Sankranti is the moment the Sun crosses the boundary between two consecutive rashis (zodiac signs) in the sidereal calendar. It occurs 12 times per year — one for each rashi. The most important is Makar Sankranti (Sun enters Capricorn, usually 14–15 January), which marks the start of the northward solar journey (Uttarayan) and is celebrated as a harvest festival across India.
Each of the 12 Sankrantis carries a name corresponding to the rashi the Sun enters: Mesh (Aries), Vrishabha (Taurus), Mithun (Gemini), Karka (Cancer), Simha (Leo), Kanya (Virgo), Tula (Libra), Vrischika (Scorpio), Dhanu (Sagittarius), Makar (Capricorn), Kumbha (Aquarius), and Meena (Pisces). Because the Vedic calendar uses the sidereal zodiac (Lahiri ayanamsa), Sankranti dates fall approximately 23 days later than the Western solar ingress dates.
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