Festival calendar in Toronto, August 2024 · kundlit
Festival calendar in Toronto, August 2024
Every Vedic festival, ekadashi, purnima, amavasya and sankranti for this month — computed live from the panchanga engine, tiered by rarity, citation-backed. 92 events: 0 major, 40 medium, 52 recurring.
Muhurta Chintamani — Samskara-prakarana (Pradosha-lakshana), verse 55 (Pyarelal Mishra Hindi ed., lines 3616-3650) — 'अर्कतर्कत्रितिथिषु प्रदोषः स्यात्'Defines pradosha-kala as the half-prahar around sunset on Trayodashi, Chaturdashi, Pratipad and other listed tithis.
Skanda Purana — Pradosha-vrata-mahatmya (Chandrasena and Shrikara legend), section on Pradosha-shivapujana (Sankshipta ed., lines 88951-89000)Anjananandana Hanuman teaches the gopa Shrikara the discipline of Pradosha Shiva worship.
Muhurta Chintamani — Shubhashubha-prakaranam, verses 20-21 (vara-nakshatra niṣiddha chart)Muhurta Chintamani's vara-nakshatra table places Shani-Rohini in the niṣiddha set; the inverse Shani-Pushya is the canonically auspicious counterpart used in panchanga tradition for Saturn remedies and discipline-related works.
Narada Purana — Purvabhaga, karana-prakarana, verse 124Enumerates Shakuni, Naga, Chatushpada, Kimstughna as the four sthira (fixed) karanas of the lunar month.
Sun · Aug 04
Amavasya
अमावस्या
Medium15:51 – 16:43amavasyanew_moonpitru
New moon, powerful for Tantric practices and pitru karma
Phaladeepika — Upagraha-prakarana (calculation of dhuma, vyatipata, parivesha, indrachapa, ketu), verse 5 (formula for vyatipata from solar position; Hindi-Alt ed., around lines 22701-22750)
Muhurta Chintamani — Shubhashubha-prakarana, Shunyatithi-chakra, verse 10Masa-wise shunya tithis enumerated; 4/9/14 (Rikta tithis) fall in the shunya set and Tuesday compounds the void.
Muhurta Chintamani — Nakshatra-prakarana (tyajya nakshatra and yoga), verse 34 (Pyarelal Mishra Hindi ed., lines 983-1007) — 'विष्कम्भवज्रवटिकात्रयमेव वर्ज्यम्'Vishkambha (with vajra) — first three vatikas (ghatikas) explicitly forbidden in shubha-karma; the yoga's name literally means 'obstruction'.
Sun enters a new rashi (solar ingress). All Sankrantis are considered punya kala. Sacred bath, surya arghya, tila dana, and charity are prescribed. The punya kala extends 16 ghatikas (~6.5 hours) before and after the exact transition moment.
Thiruvonam -- the principal day of the ten-day Kerala harvest festival, falling on Shravana Nakshatra in the Malayalam solar month of Chingam (when the Sun is in Simha Rashi). The day commemorates the annual return of King Mahabali to visit his subjects; the Bhagavata Purana (8.15-23) records the Vamana avatara of Vishnu and the granting of this boon. Celebrations include the Onasadya feast, pookalam floral arrangements, and Vallam Kali boat races.
Muhurta Chintamani — Shubhashubha-prakarana, tyajya yoga section, verse 35Shula yoga's first 5 ghatikas explicitly enjoined for rejection in all karmas — especially travel.
Narada Purana — Purvabhaga, jataka-yoga-phala section, verses 195-196Shula-yoga jataka described as shura-vira but adhana (without wealth) — reinforces 'painful obstacles' theme.
Muhurta Chintamani — Shubhashubha-prakaranam (tyajya nakshatra-yoga section), verses 34-35'Parigha-rdhaṁ pancha shule shaṭ cha ganda-atigandayoh, vyaghate nava-naadyash cha varjyaah sarveshu karmasu.' Ganda and Atiganda yogas explicitly listed with 6 nadis to be avoided in all auspicious works.
Phaladeepika — Upagraha-prakarana (calculation of dhuma, vyatipata, parivesha, indrachapa, ketu), verse 5 (formula for vyatipata from solar position; Hindi-Alt ed., around lines 22701-22750)
Fri · Aug 30
Dwadashi
द्वादशी
Recurring01:38 – 02:25dwadashivishnuparana
Parana (breaking Ekadashi fast) and Vishnu worship
Muhurta Chintamani — Shubhashubha-prakaranam, verses 20-21 (vara-nakshatra niṣiddha chart)Muhurta Chintamani's vara-nakshatra table places Shani-Rohini in the niṣiddha set; the inverse Shani-Pushya is the canonically auspicious counterpart used in panchanga tradition for Saturn remedies and discipline-related works.
Ashlesha's presiding devata is Sarpa/Naga; the Ashlesha-Amavasya combination is the canonical Naga-tarpana day (observed as Aayilyam in Kerala traditions).
Matsya Purana — Anga-puja adhyaya (Shiva-anga-nyasa with nakshatra-correspondence), Ashlesha verse ('Vibudhapriyaaya namah')Matsya Purana's nakshatra-anga-puja section assigns Ashlesha to Shiva's matha (head); mythological substrate for Naga-tarpana.
Muhurta Chintamani — Samvatsara-prakarana, Sun-avastha on Sankranti, verse 13Sun in Kimstughna karana described as 'urdhva' (upright, sama) — 'sama: shreshtha ihardhavarshane', i.e. neutral-to-mildly auspicious.
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Skanda Purana — Pitri-kalpa / Tithi-pravachana, amavasya definition section'Yogon mein vyatipata, nakshatron mein shravana, tithiyon mein amavasya aur purnima tatha sankranti-kala -- ye sab dana-karma mein pavitra mane gaye hain.' Amavasya named first among agnishvattadi pitarana priya tithis.
Vyatipata = (Sun + 4r 13°20') subtracted from 12 rashis — defined as 'a-prakasha-graha' (invisible graha).
Parashara Smriti — Madhaviya-vritti, Dana-kala-nirupana, Section on vyatipata as inauspicious yoga / sankrama (Islampurkar 1894 ed., around lines 40233-40259)Mahavyatipata defined; cited alongside ayana and vishuva as auspicious-dana times despite the yoga itself being inauspicious for new beginnings.
Names all 11 karanas with their phala — Bava (chara, first) is the auspicious chara-karana for new beginnings; karanas grouped as 'phaladah svanama' (effects per their names).
BPHS — Panchanga-sadhana / Karana-prakarana, standard BPHS section on the 11 karanas (Bava-Balava-Kaulava ... Naga-Kimstughna)BPHS lists the chara-karanas (Bava through Vishti) as repeated 8 times across the 30 tithi-halves; Bava is the first and most auspicious.
Narada Purana — Purvabhaga, Dvitiya-vrata section (Ashunyashayana-vrata), month-wise Dvitiya-vrata (Sankshipta ed., lines 65701-65750) — 'अशुन्यशयन ... चन्द्रमाके लिये अर्घ्यदान'Shravana-Krishna Dvitiya = Ashunyashayana-vrata to Vishnu-Lakshmi with chandra-arghya; Kartika-shukla Dvitiya = Yamadvitiya.
Verses 28-29 enumerate the full vara-nakshatra table (Sun: Hasta/Mula/Uttaraphalguni/Uttarashadha/Uttarabhadrapada/Pushya/Ashvini; Moon: Shravana/Rohini/Mrigashira/Pushya/Anuradha; Mars: Ashvini/Uttarabhadrapada/Krittika/Ashlesha; etc.) -- matches our table exactly.
'Yam, Vishvedeva, Chandra, Brahma, Guru, Chandra, Indra, Jala, Sarpa, Agni, Surya, Bhumi, Rudra, Brahma, Varuna, Ganesha, Rudra, Kubera, Vishvakarma, Mitra...' -- Rudra is named twice (yoga 13 Vyaghata and yoga 20 Shiva); the Shiva-Yoga at index 20 derives its name from this lordship.
Lists 28 anandadi yogas: 'siddhi' named explicitly as one yielding karya-siddhi by its own name (siddha-yoga is the 21st nitya-yoga).
Narada Purana — Purvabhaga, Anandadi-yoga section, Anandadi 28-yoga list (sankshipta ed., around lines 42101-42150)Siddhi yoga #19 in Anandadi enumeration; 'svanama-phaladayaka' — gives fruit per its name.
Bhavishya Purana — Uttara-parva, Chaturthi-vrata-kalpa (Angaraka-chaturthi-vrata-varnana), Chaturthi-vrata chapter (DLI Hindi ed., around lines 70101-70150)Krishna-Yudhishthira samvada on Chaturthi vrata including Angaraka Chaturthi.
Matsya Purana — Surya-vamsha-varnana (origin of Vishti/Bhadra), Vishti as Chhaya's daughter (Gita Press ed., around lines 5851-5900)Vishti (Bhadra) — bhayankara-rupavali tritiya kanya — is established as kala-karana-svarupa, the personification of the inauspicious karana.
Phaladeepika — Santanachinta-prakarana (use of Vishti-karana in muhurta), verse 15 (Hindi-Alt ed., around lines 9801-9850)Phaladeepika explicitly names Vishti-karana as varjya for shubha-karya and for santana-prashna; classical avoidance rule.
Narada Purana — Purvabhaga, Karana-jnana-vidhi (11 karanas including Vishti), around verses 124-125 (sankshipta ed., around lines 34051-34100)Lists the 7 chara + 4 sthira karanas including Vishti (#7) — formula to determine karana from tithi-number.
Muhurta Chintamani — Shubhashubha Prakarana, varjya vara-nakshatra-tithi combinations, verses 20-21 (Pyarelal Mishra ed., lines 791-823)Classical text: Panchami-tithi + Hasta-nakshatra + Sunday = sarvakarya-varjya. Modern observance reads Hasta-Panchami as auspicious for Saraswati/skills — disagreement noted; classical source dominates per BPHS-first policy.
, verse 57 (Pyarelal Mishra Hindi ed., lines 2174-2196) — Sadhya not in the tyajya-list 'व्यतिपातवैधृति... परिघव्यावातगण्डयोग ... विष्टि ...'
Sadhya is conspicuously absent from the canonical 6-ninda-yoga list (vyatipata, vaidhriti, parigha, vyaghata, ganda, vajra), placing it among shubha-yogas — 'achievable goals' interpretation follows the literal 'sadhya' (to be accomplished).
Manasa-pancami (Naga-panchami) enjoined for monthly or festival worship — establishes Panchami-Naga link.
Both adhyayas prescribe Saptami-tithi as the supreme day for Surya worship using the twelve-name list (Bhanu/Arka/Ravi/Brahma/Surya/Shakra/Hari/Shiva/Shriman/Vibhavasu/Tvashta/Varuna).
Bhavishya Purana — Brahma Parva, Saptami-kalpa (Akshyanga Saptami adhyaya 111), opening versesBhavishya Purana's Saptami-kalpa is the standard nibandha source for Bhanu/Ravi-Saptami; Sunday + Saptami amplifies it.
Devi Bhagavata — Skandha 3, Navaratri-vidhi (importance of Ashtami), Ashtami pujan prescription (Vol. 1 Gita Press ed., around lines 45751-45800)If unable to do full nine-day Navaratri, Ashtami tithi must be observed; references Daksha-yajna context.
Matsya Purana — Surya-vamsha-varnana (origin of Vishti/Bhadra), Vishti as Chhaya's daughter (Gita Press ed., around lines 5851-5900)Vishti (Bhadra) — bhayankara-rupavali tritiya kanya — is established as kala-karana-svarupa, the personification of the inauspicious karana.
Phaladeepika — Santanachinta-prakarana (use of Vishti-karana in muhurta), verse 15 (Hindi-Alt ed., around lines 9801-9850)Phaladeepika explicitly names Vishti-karana as varjya for shubha-karya and for santana-prashna; classical avoidance rule.
Narada Purana — Purvabhaga, Karana-jnana-vidhi (11 karanas including Vishti), around verses 124-125 (sankshipta ed., around lines 34051-34100)Lists the 7 chara + 4 sthira karanas including Vishti (#7) — formula to determine karana from tithi-number.
Brahma listed at position 25 of the Anandadi yogas; each yoga is said to give 'svanama-sadrsha phala', so Brahma yoga gives creative / spiritual / Brahma-loka phala.
Shiva Purana — Kotirudra-samhita, Tandi Sahasranama prelude, verses 47-48Tandi (a brahma-yogi) is named as the composer of the Shiva Sahasranama in brahma-yoga — establishes the spiritual-creative significance of the yoga.
Narada Purana — Uttarabhaga, Ekadashi-vrata-mahatmya (Rukmangada-Mohini samvada), Rukmangada vrata-pratijna (Sankshipta ed., lines 76451-76550) — 'एकादशीके दिन भोजन कैसे करूँगा ... मधुसूदनके पुण्यमय दिवस एकादशीको अन्नका सेवन नहीं करूँगा'King Rukmangada's vow never to take food on Ekadashi establishes the canonical fasting rule; Thursday (Guru/Vishnu's vara) intensifies the merit.
Brahma Vaivarta Purana — Krishna-janma-khanda (Ekadashi-vrata prescription), Dharmaraja-Vasundhara samvada (Gita Press ed., lines 27701-27750) — Vishnu-bhakti centrality of EkadashiIdentifies Vishnu-seva as the supreme dharma; Ekadashi to Thursday (Vishnu/Guru) doubly auspicious for the vrata.
, verses 212-3, 213-4 (Sankshipta ed., lines 41901-41950) — Vishkambha listed as first of 27 yogas; later ninda-yoga group enumerates vishkambha among tyajya-portions
Vishkambha is the 1st nitya-yoga (svami: Yama); first 3 ghatikas to be avoided in all auspicious work.
Sources (2)
Narada Purana — Purvabhaga, Ekadashi-vrata section, Ekadashi-vrata-mahatmya (sankshipta ed., text around lines 14901-14950)Detailed rules on dashami-viddha vs dvadashi-viddha Ekadashi, fasting and parana.
Brahma Vaivarta Purana — Krishna-janma-khanda, Ekadashi-vrata prescription, Ekadashi-upavasa section (sankshipta ed., text around lines 71651-71700)All Vaishnavas, yatis, widows, brahmacharis are to fast on every Ekadashi.
'Yadi dvitiya din dvadashi hai to pehle din ki dashami-viddha ekadashi bhi niṣiddha hi hai (isliye aisi paristhiti mein dvadashi ko vrata karna chahiye).'
Names all 11 karanas with their phala — Bava (chara, first) is the auspicious chara-karana for new beginnings; karanas grouped as 'phaladah svanama' (effects per their names).
BPHS — Panchanga-sadhana / Karana-prakarana, standard BPHS section on the 11 karanas (Bava-Balava-Kaulava ... Naga-Kimstughna)BPHS lists the chara-karanas (Bava through Vishti) as repeated 8 times across the 30 tithi-halves; Bava is the first and most auspicious.
Muhurta Chintamani
— Sankranti-prakaranam
, verses 3, 7-8 (sthira-rashi sankranti category; snana and dana prescription)
Muhurta Chintamani — Samskara-prakarana (Pradosha-lakshana), verse 55 (Pyarelal Mishra Hindi ed., lines 3616-3650) — 'अर्कतर्कत्रितिथिषु प्रदोषः स्यात्'Defines pradosha-kala as the half-prahar around sunset on Trayodashi, Chaturdashi, Pratipad and other listed tithis.
Skanda Purana — Pradosha-vrata-mahatmya (Chandrasena and Shrikara legend), section on Pradosha-shivapujana (Sankshipta ed., lines 88951-89000)Anjananandana Hanuman teaches the gopa Shrikara the discipline of Pradosha Shiva worship.
, full chapter (Vamana-utpatti and Bali-bandhana narrative)
Colophon: 'iti shri-matsye mahapurane vamana-pradurbhave vamanotpatti-nama panchachatvarinshad-adhika-dvishatatamo adhyayah'. Vamana-Bali boon narrative (Bali's annual return to visit subjects) is the puranic substrate for Thiruvonam.
Hindupedia — Festivals/Onam, opening section (Thiruvonam observance)Thiruvonam is the principal day of the ten-day Kerala harvest festival on Shravana-nakshatra in Chingam-masa (Sun in Simha). Onasadya, pookalam, and Vallam Kali documented in Hindupedia.
When purnima falls on Monday or has Rohini-nakshatra, panchagavya snana, japa of 'Apyayasva' 108 times, worship of Soma-Vishnu prescribed.
Skanda Purana — Prabhasa-khanda, Somanatha-mahatmya, Chandra-Shiva conjunction at Soma-tirtha (sankshipta ed., around lines 162951-163000)Chandradeva's worship of Shiva as Somanatha — Soma + Shiva nexus that grounds Soma Purnima observance.
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Narada Purana — Purvabhaga, Purnima-vrata-prakarana, opening section (masa-wise Purnima vratas)Sanatana-narada vada on Purnima vratas through the year.
Matsya Purana — Parva-sandhi and Purnima-tithi prakarana, section on pakshanta-sandhi and pournamasika
Names all 11 karanas with their phala — Bava (chara, first) is the auspicious chara-karana for new beginnings; karanas grouped as 'phaladah svanama' (effects per their names).
BPHS — Panchanga-sadhana / Karana-prakarana, standard BPHS section on the 11 karanas (Bava-Balava-Kaulava ... Naga-Kimstughna)BPHS lists the chara-karanas (Bava through Vishti) as repeated 8 times across the 30 tithi-halves; Bava is the first and most auspicious.
Bhavishya Purana — Uttara-parva, Chaturthi-vrata-kalpa (Angaraka-chaturthi-vrata-varnana), Chaturthi-vrata chapter (DLI Hindi ed., around lines 70101-70150)Krishna-Yudhishthira samvada on Chaturthi vrata including Angaraka Chaturthi.
Names all 11 karanas with their phala — Bava (chara, first) is the auspicious chara-karana for new beginnings; karanas grouped as 'phaladah svanama' (effects per their names).
BPHS — Panchanga-sadhana / Karana-prakarana, standard BPHS section on the 11 karanas (Bava-Balava-Kaulava ... Naga-Kimstughna)BPHS lists the chara-karanas (Bava through Vishti) as repeated 8 times across the 30 tithi-halves; Bava is the first and most auspicious.
Specifies the first 9 ghatikas of Ganda yoga as completely avoidable.
Both adhyayas prescribe Saptami-tithi as the supreme day for Surya worship using the twelve-name list (Bhanu/Arka/Ravi/Brahma/Surya/Shakra/Hari/Shiva/Shriman/Vibhavasu/Tvashta/Varuna).
Bhavishya Purana — Brahma Parva, Saptami-kalpa (Akshyanga Saptami adhyaya 111), opening versesBhavishya Purana's Saptami-kalpa is the standard nibandha source for Bhanu/Ravi-Saptami; Sunday + Saptami amplifies it.
Matsya Purana — Surya-vamsha-varnana (origin of Vishti/Bhadra), Vishti as Chhaya's daughter (Gita Press ed., around lines 5851-5900)Vishti (Bhadra) — bhayankara-rupavali tritiya kanya — is established as kala-karana-svarupa, the personification of the inauspicious karana.
Phaladeepika — Santanachinta-prakarana (use of Vishti-karana in muhurta), verse 15 (Hindi-Alt ed., around lines 9801-9850)Phaladeepika explicitly names Vishti-karana as varjya for shubha-karya and for santana-prashna; classical avoidance rule.
Narada Purana — Purvabhaga, Karana-jnana-vidhi (11 karanas including Vishti), around verses 124-125 (sankshipta ed., around lines 34051-34100)Lists the 7 chara + 4 sthira karanas including Vishti (#7) — formula to determine karana from tithi-number.
Brahma Vaivarta Purana — Krishna-Janma-khanda, Janmashtami-vrata-vidhana, Janmashtami brata-kala section (Gita Press ed., lines 59101-59200) — 'आधी रातके समय अष्टमी तिथिका एक चौथाई अंश ... साक्षात् श्रीहरिने अवतार ग्रहण किया'; 'रोहिणी नक्षत्र बीत जानेपर ही व्रती पुरुषको पारणा करनी चाहिये'Canonical Janmashtami: Bhadrapada-Krishna Ashtami midnight + Rohini nakshatra is when Krishna avatara took place; vrata-parana awaits Rohini's completion.
Padma Purana — Janmashtami-mahatmya (Krishna-avatara katha), Krishna-Devaki-Yashoda exchange (Gita Press Series 44, lines 130301-130350) — 'सातवां गर्भ अनन्त (शेषनाग) ... रोहिणीके उदरमें स्थापित ... तदनन्तर देवकीके आठवें गर्भमें मेरा अंडा प्रकट होगा'Krishna as the eighth garbha (Ashtami) + Rohini nakshatra explicit; the Padma Purana ascribes the Ashtami-Rohini pairing as supreme for Krishna-darshana.
Narada Purana — Purvabhaga, Prathama-pada (vara-nakshatra-yoga, Vishnu-snana section), lines 7501-7550 — 'सोमवार-श्रवण, हस्त-बृहस्पति, बुधअष्टमी ... पवित्र दिनों'Lists Monday-Shravana, Monday-Rohini and other moon-nakshatra pairings as auspicious for Vishnu-snana; Rohini being Chandra's beloved nakshatra makes Monday-Rohini supreme.
Muhurta Chintamani — Shubhashubha Prakarana (Sarvarthasiddhi-yoga enumeration), verses 28-29 (Pyarelal Mishra Hindi ed., lines 907-927) — 'सोमवार को श्रवण, रोहिणी, मृगशिरा, पुष्य, अनुराधा ... सर्वार्थसिद्धियोग'Monday + Rohini explicitly listed in the Sarvarthasiddhi-yoga combination.
Narada Purana
— Purvabhaga, Ashtami-vrata enumeration
, Month-wise Ashtami vratas (sankshipta ed., around lines 67901-67950)
Devi Bhagavata — Skandha 3, Navaratri-vidhi (importance of Ashtami), Ashtami pujan prescription (Vol. 1 Gita Press ed., around lines 45751-45800)If unable to do full nine-day Navaratri, Ashtami tithi must be observed; references Daksha-yajna context.
— Nakshatra-prakaranam
, verse 11 (nakshatra-svami enumeration: Mrigashira-svami = Mangala) and verses 18-19 (Mrigashira as chara nakshatra for yatra/hasti works)
Narada Purana — Purvabhaga (siddhi-yoga and vara-nakshatra prakarana), verses ~242 (Tuesday + Ashwini-bharani-kritika set; Mrigashira appears in adjacent Monday-siddhi list -- amplified Mars-energy on Mars-vara)
Matsya Purana — Surya-vamsha-varnana (origin of Vishti/Bhadra), Vishti as Chhaya's daughter (Gita Press ed., around lines 5851-5900)Vishti (Bhadra) — bhayankara-rupavali tritiya kanya — is established as kala-karana-svarupa, the personification of the inauspicious karana.
Phaladeepika — Santanachinta-prakarana (use of Vishti-karana in muhurta), verse 15 (Hindi-Alt ed., around lines 9801-9850)Phaladeepika explicitly names Vishti-karana as varjya for shubha-karya and for santana-prashna; classical avoidance rule.
Narada Purana — Purvabhaga, Karana-jnana-vidhi (11 karanas including Vishti), around verses 124-125 (sankshipta ed., around lines 34051-34100)Lists the 7 chara + 4 sthira karanas including Vishti (#7) — formula to determine karana from tithi-number.
Narada Purana — Uttarabhaga, Ekadashi-vrata-mahatmya (Rukmangada-Mohini samvada), Rukmangada vrata-pratijna (Sankshipta ed., lines 76451-76550) — 'एकादशीके दिन भोजन कैसे करूँगा ... मधुसूदनके पुण्यमय दिवस एकादशीको अन्नका सेवन नहीं करूँगा'King Rukmangada's vow never to take food on Ekadashi establishes the canonical fasting rule; Thursday (Guru/Vishnu's vara) intensifies the merit.
Brahma Vaivarta Purana — Krishna-janma-khanda (Ekadashi-vrata prescription), Dharmaraja-Vasundhara samvada (Gita Press ed., lines 27701-27750) — Vishnu-bhakti centrality of EkadashiIdentifies Vishnu-seva as the supreme dharma; Ekadashi to Thursday (Vishnu/Guru) doubly auspicious for the vrata.
Sources (2)
Narada Purana — Purvabhaga, Ekadashi-vrata section, Ekadashi-vrata-mahatmya (sankshipta ed., text around lines 14901-14950)Detailed rules on dashami-viddha vs dvadashi-viddha Ekadashi, fasting and parana.
Brahma Vaivarta Purana — Krishna-janma-khanda, Ekadashi-vrata prescription, Ekadashi-upavasa section (sankshipta ed., text around lines 71651-71700)All Vaishnavas, yatis, widows, brahmacharis are to fast on every Ekadashi.
Vyatipata = (Sun + 4r 13°20') subtracted from 12 rashis — defined as 'a-prakasha-graha' (invisible graha).
Parashara Smriti — Madhaviya-vritti, Dana-kala-nirupana, Section on vyatipata as inauspicious yoga / sankrama (Islampurkar 1894 ed., around lines 40233-40259)Mahavyatipata defined; cited alongside ayana and vishuva as auspicious-dana times despite the yoga itself being inauspicious for new beginnings.
'Yadi dvitiya din dvadashi hai to pehle din ki dashami-viddha ekadashi bhi niṣiddha hi hai (isliye aisi paristhiti mein dvadashi ko vrata karna chahiye).'
Skanda Purana — Maheshwara Khanda (gopa-balaka pradosha narrative), around shloka cluster cited at p.~889 of Gita Press Sankshipt edition (shanivara-pradosha worship)
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Muhurta Chintamani — Samskara-prakarana (Pradosha-lakshana), verse 55 (Pyarelal Mishra Hindi ed., lines 3616-3650) — 'अर्कतर्कत्रितिथिषु प्रदोषः स्यात्'Defines pradosha-kala as the half-prahar around sunset on Trayodashi, Chaturdashi, Pratipad and other listed tithis.
Skanda Purana — Pradosha-vrata-mahatmya (Chandrasena and Shrikara legend), section on Pradosha-shivapujana (Sankshipta ed., lines 88951-89000)Anjananandana Hanuman teaches the gopa Shrikara the discipline of Pradosha Shiva worship.
