इस महीने का हर वैदिक त्योहार, एकादशी, पूर्णिमा, अमावस्या और संक्रांति — पंचांग इंजन से लाइव गणना, दुर्लभता के हिसाब से बँटा, प्रमाण सहित। 76 कार्यक्रम: 0 बड़े, 32 मध्यम, 44 आवर्ती।
Muhurta Chintamani — Shubhashubha Prakarana (karana enumeration), verses 23-24 (Pyarelal Mishra Hindi ed., lines 81-122 in muhurta_cintamani slug) — 'श्रीवत्साख्यो वज्रकं मुद्गरश्च ... चरसुस्थिराख्यप्रवर्धमानाः फलदाः स्वनाम्ना'Names all 11 karanas with their phala — Bava (chara, first) is the auspicious chara-karana for new beginnings; karanas grouped as 'phaladah svanama' (effects per their names).
Phaladeepika — Upagraha-prakarana (calculation of dhuma, vyatipata, parivesha, indrachapa, ketu), verse 5 (formula for vyatipata from solar position; Hindi-Alt ed., around lines 22701-22750)Vyatipata = (Sun + 4r 13°20') subtracted from 12 rashis — defined as 'a-prakasha-graha' (invisible graha).
Narada Purana — Uttarardha, Ekadashi-vrata prakaranam, parana/dwadashi section'Yadi dvitiya din dvadashi hai to pehle din ki dashami-viddha ekadashi bhi niṣiddha hi hai (isliye aisi paristhiti mein dvadashi ko vrata karna chahiye).'
सोम · सित 07
सिद्ध योग
Siddha Yoga
नियमित17:04 – 14:43siddhiauspicious
Accomplishment yoga, good for important beginnings
Narada Purana — Purvabhaga, karana-prakarana, verse 124Enumerates Shakuni, Naga, Chatushpada, Kimstughna as the four sthira (fixed) karanas of the lunar month.
Muhurta Chintamani — Shubhashubha Prakarana (karana enumeration), verses 23-24 (Pyarelal Mishra Hindi ed., lines 81-122 in muhurta_cintamani slug) — 'श्रीवत्साख्यो वज्रकं मुद्गरश्च ... चरसुस्थिराख्यप्रवर्धमानाः फलदाः स्वनाम्ना'Names all 11 karanas with their phala — Bava (chara, first) is the auspicious chara-karana for new beginnings; karanas grouped as 'phaladah svanama' (effects per their names).
Muhurta Chintamani — Nakshatra-prakarana (tyajya nakshatra and yoga), verse 34 (Pyarelal Mishra Hindi ed., lines 983-1007) — 'विष्कम्भवज्रवटिकात्रयमेव वर्ज्यम्'Vishkambha (with vajra) — first three vatikas (ghatikas) explicitly forbidden in shubha-karma; the yoga's name literally means 'obstruction'.
Sun enters Kanya (Virgo), beginning the Pitru Paksha period. Extremely important for pitru tarpana and shraddha. Dana of food and dakshina to Brahmins is highly meritorious.
Muhurta Chintamani — Sankranti-prakarana (Shadashiti and Vishnupadi sankranti)
गुरु · सित 17
नवरात्रि
Navratri
मध्यम10:48 – 13:01festivaldurganavratrisharada
Sharada Navaratri -- the autumn nine-night observance of the Divine Mother, from Ashwina Shukla Pratipad through Mahanavami. The Devi Mahatmya (Markandeya Purana, chapters 81-93) is recited daily; Durga, Lakshmi, and Sarasvati are worshipped in successive triads. The festival culminates in Vijayadashami (Dashami) on the tenth day. Mahanavami (day 9) and Mahashtami (day 8) are separately tagged via the ashwina_navami and ashwina_ashtami rules where present.
Sun enters a new rashi (solar ingress). All Sankrantis are considered punya kala. Sacred bath, surya arghya, tila dana, and charity are prescribed. The punya kala extends 16 ghatikas (~6.5 hours) before and after the exact transition moment.
Sharada Navaratri -- the autumn nine-night observance of the Divine Mother, from Ashwina Shukla Pratipad through Mahanavami. The Devi Mahatmya (Markandeya Purana, chapters 81-93) is recited daily; Durga, Lakshmi, and Sarasvati are worshipped in successive triads. The festival culminates in Vijayadashami (Dashami) on the tenth day. Mahanavami (day 9) and Mahashtami (day 8) are separately tagged via the ashwina_navami and ashwina_ashtami rules where present.
Sharada Navaratri -- the autumn nine-night observance of the Divine Mother, from Ashwina Shukla Pratipad through Mahanavami. The Devi Mahatmya (Markandeya Purana, chapters 81-93) is recited daily; Durga, Lakshmi, and Sarasvati are worshipped in successive triads. The festival culminates in Vijayadashami (Dashami) on the tenth day. Mahanavami (day 9) and Mahashtami (day 8) are separately tagged via the ashwina_navami and ashwina_ashtami rules where present.
Sharada Navaratri -- the autumn nine-night observance of the Divine Mother, from Ashwina Shukla Pratipad through Mahanavami. The Devi Mahatmya (Markandeya Purana, chapters 81-93) is recited daily; Durga, Lakshmi, and Sarasvati are worshipped in successive triads. The festival culminates in Vijayadashami (Dashami) on the tenth day. Mahanavami (day 9) and Mahashtami (day 8) are separately tagged via the ashwina_navami and ashwina_ashtami rules where present.
Narada Purana — Uttarardha, Ekadashi-vrata prakaranam, parana/dwadashi section'Yadi dvitiya din dvadashi hai to pehle din ki dashami-viddha ekadashi bhi niṣiddha hi hai (isliye aisi paristhiti mein dvadashi ko vrata karna chahiye).'
बुध · सित 23
सिद्ध योग
Siddha Yoga
नियमित21:43 – 22:51siddhiauspicious
Accomplishment yoga, good for important beginnings
Muhurta Chintamani — Shubhashubha-prakarana, tyajya yoga section, verse 35Shula yoga's first 5 ghatikas explicitly enjoined for rejection in all karmas — especially travel.
Narada Purana — Purvabhaga, jataka-yoga-phala section, verses 195-196Shula-yoga jataka described as shura-vira but adhana (without wealth) — reinforces 'painful obstacles' theme.
Muhurta Chintamani — Shubhashubha-prakaranam (tyajya nakshatra-yoga section), verses 34-35'Parigha-rdhaṁ pancha shule shaṭ cha ganda-atigandayoh, vyaghate nava-naadyash cha varjyaah sarveshu karmasu.' Ganda and Atiganda yogas explicitly listed with 6 nadis to be avoided in all auspicious works.
Muhurta Chintamani — Shubhashubha Prakarana (karana enumeration), verses 23-24 (Pyarelal Mishra Hindi ed., lines 81-122 in muhurta_cintamani slug) — 'श्रीवत्साख्यो वज्रकं मुद्गरश्च ... चरसुस्थिराख्यप्रवर्धमानाः फलदाः स्वनाम्ना'Names all 11 karanas with their phala — Bava (chara, first) is the auspicious chara-karana for new beginnings; karanas grouped as 'phaladah svanama' (effects per their names).
Muhurta Chintamani — Shubhashubha Prakarana (karana enumeration), verses 23-24 (Pyarelal Mishra Hindi ed., lines 81-122 in muhurta_cintamani slug) — 'श्रीवत्साख्यो वज्रकं मुद्गरश्च ... चरसुस्थिराख्यप्रवर्धमानाः फलदाः स्वनाम्ना'Names all 11 karanas with their phala — Bava (chara, first) is the auspicious chara-karana for new beginnings; karanas grouped as 'phaladah svanama' (effects per their names).
BPHS — Panchanga-sadhana / Karana-prakarana, standard BPHS section on the 11 karanas (Bava-Balava-Kaulava ... Naga-Kimstughna)BPHS lists the chara-karanas (Bava through Vishti) as repeated 8 times across the 30 tithi-halves; Bava is the first and most auspicious.
Brahma Vaivarta Purana — Krishna-Janma-khanda, Janmashtami-vrata-vidhana, Janmashtami brata-kala section (Gita Press ed., lines 59101-59200) — 'आधी रातके समय अष्टमी तिथिका एक चौथाई अंश ... साक्षात् श्रीहरिने अवतार ग्रहण किया'; 'रोहिणी नक्षत्र बीत जानेपर ही व्रती पुरुषको पारणा करनी चाहिये'Canonical Janmashtami: Bhadrapada-Krishna Ashtami midnight + Rohini nakshatra is when Krishna avatara took place; vrata-parana awaits Rohini's completion.
Padma Purana — Janmashtami-mahatmya (Krishna-avatara katha), Krishna-Devaki-Yashoda exchange (Gita Press Series 44, lines 130301-130350) — 'सातवां गर्भ अनन्त (शेषनाग) ... रोहिणीके उदरमें स्थापित ... तदनन्तर देवकीके आठवें गर्भमें मेरा अंडा प्रकट होगा'Krishna as the eighth garbha (Ashtami) + Rohini nakshatra explicit; the Padma Purana ascribes the Ashtami-Rohini pairing as supreme for Krishna-darshana.
Muhurta Chintamani — Shubhashubha-prakaranam, verse 6 (Friday-tithi adhama/uttama enumeration -- Shukrawar establishes the vara framework)
Narada Purana
— Purvabhaga, Ashtami-vrata enumeration
, Month-wise Ashtami vratas (sankshipta ed., around lines 67901-67950)
Devi Bhagavata — Skandha 3, Navaratri-vidhi (importance of Ashtami), Ashtami pujan prescription (Vol. 1 Gita Press ed., around lines 45751-45800)If unable to do full nine-day Navaratri, Ashtami tithi must be observed; references Daksha-yajna context.
Twelve-month Navami-vrata catalogue — every Navami is sacred to Durga/Chandika/Kumari in some form.
Devi Bhagavata — Tritiya-skandha (Sharad/Vasanta Navaratri narrative), Tritiya-skandha, Sudarshana-Subahu Navaratri narrative (Gita Press Vol.1, around lines 44951-45000) — 'नवरात्रेषु सर्वेषु ... अर्चनं हवनं यागं देव्या'Each Navami caps the Navaratri sequence; the day is fixed for Devi-arcana, havana, yaga.
Parashara Smriti — Madhaviya-vritti, Dana-kala-nirupana, Section on vyatipata as inauspicious yoga / sankrama (Islampurkar 1894 ed., around lines 40233-40259)Mahavyatipata defined; cited alongside ayana and vishuva as auspicious-dana times despite the yoga itself being inauspicious for new beginnings.
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Narada Purana — Purvabhaga, Ekadashi-vrata section, Ekadashi-vrata-mahatmya (sankshipta ed., text around lines 14901-14950)Detailed rules on dashami-viddha vs dvadashi-viddha Ekadashi, fasting and parana.
Brahma Vaivarta Purana — Krishna-janma-khanda, Ekadashi-vrata prescription, Ekadashi-upavasa section (sankshipta ed., text around lines 71651-71700)All Vaishnavas, yatis, widows, brahmacharis are to fast on every Ekadashi.
Matsya Purana — Surya-vamsha-varnana (origin of Vishti/Bhadra), Vishti as Chhaya's daughter (Gita Press ed., around lines 5851-5900)Vishti (Bhadra) — bhayankara-rupavali tritiya kanya — is established as kala-karana-svarupa, the personification of the inauspicious karana.
Phaladeepika — Santanachinta-prakarana (use of Vishti-karana in muhurta), verse 15 (Hindi-Alt ed., around lines 9801-9850)Phaladeepika explicitly names Vishti-karana as varjya for shubha-karya and for santana-prashna; classical avoidance rule.
Narada Purana — Purvabhaga, Karana-jnana-vidhi (11 karanas including Vishti), around verses 124-125 (sankshipta ed., around lines 34051-34100)Lists the 7 chara + 4 sthira karanas including Vishti (#7) — formula to determine karana from tithi-number.
The 7-vara amrita-siddhi mapping is given as part of the wider Anandadi-27 yoga corpus and the sarvartha-siddhi enumeration.
Narada Purana — Purvabhaga, Pratham Pada (yoga-prakarana), verses 242-244 (sarvartha-siddhi-yoga -- same vara-nakshatra pairs)
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Muhurta Chintamani — Samskara-prakarana (Pradosha-lakshana), verse 55 (Pyarelal Mishra Hindi ed., lines 3616-3650) — 'अर्कतर्कत्रितिथिषु प्रदोषः स्यात्'Defines pradosha-kala as the half-prahar around sunset on Trayodashi, Chaturdashi, Pratipad and other listed tithis.
Skanda Purana — Pradosha-vrata-mahatmya (Chandrasena and Shrikara legend), section on Pradosha-shivapujana (Sankshipta ed., lines 88951-89000)Anjananandana Hanuman teaches the gopa Shrikara the discipline of Pradosha Shiva worship.
Narada Purana — Purvabhaga (karana-svami and shubhashubha), verses ~255-257 (Surya stands in Shakuni-Kolava-Kimstughna karanas -- standing-Surya yields disturbance; inauspicious for most works)
'Yam, Vishvedeva, Chandra, Brahma, Guru, Chandra, Indra, Jala, Sarpa, Agni, Surya, Bhumi, Rudra, Brahma, Varuna, Ganesha, Rudra, Kubera, Vishvakarma, Mitra...' -- Rudra is named twice (yoga 13 Vyaghata and yoga 20 Shiva); the Shiva-Yoga at index 20 derives its name from this lordship.
Lists 28 anandadi yogas: 'siddhi' named explicitly as one yielding karya-siddhi by its own name (siddha-yoga is the 21st nitya-yoga).
Narada Purana — Purvabhaga, Anandadi-yoga section, Anandadi 28-yoga list (sankshipta ed., around lines 42101-42150)Siddhi yoga #19 in Anandadi enumeration; 'svanama-phaladayaka' — gives fruit per its name.
Muhurta Chintamani — Samvatsara-prakarana, Sun-avastha on Sankranti, verse 13Sun in Kimstughna karana described as 'urdhva' (upright, sama) — 'sama: shreshtha ihardhavarshane', i.e. neutral-to-mildly auspicious.
Narada Purana — Purvabhaga, Dvitiya-vrata section (Ashunyashayana-vrata), month-wise Dvitiya-vrata (Sankshipta ed., lines 65701-65750) — 'अशुन्यशयन ... चन्द्रमाके लिये अर्घ्यदान'Shravana-Krishna Dvitiya = Ashunyashayana-vrata to Vishnu-Lakshmi with chandra-arghya; Kartika-shukla Dvitiya = Yamadvitiya.
Brahma listed at position 25 of the Anandadi yogas; each yoga is said to give 'svanama-sadrsha phala', so Brahma yoga gives creative / spiritual / Brahma-loka phala.
Shiva Purana — Kotirudra-samhita, Tandi Sahasranama prelude, verses 47-48Tandi (a brahma-yogi) is named as the composer of the Shiva Sahasranama in brahma-yoga — establishes the spiritual-creative significance of the yoga.
, Ganesha-janma and Shiva's varadana (Gita Press Part 1, lines 87101-87150) — 'विघ्नोंके नष्ट करनेमें तुम्हारा नाम सर्वश्रेष्ठ होगा ... मेरे सम्पूर्ण गणोंके अध्यक्ष'
Canonical Ganesha-janma: Shiva's varadana to Parvati's son — naming him Vighnesha, lord of ganas, established him as foremost-worshipped on Bhadrapada Shukla Chaturthi.
Narada Purana — Purvabhaga, Chaturthi-vrata (Bhadrapada-Chaturthi), Bhadrapada-Chaturthi section (Sankshipta ed., lines 66001-66050, 66401-66450) — 'जिस किसी मासमें भी चतुर्थी तिथि रविवार या मङ्गलवारसे युक्त हो तो वह विशेष फल'Twelve-month Chaturthi enumeration; Bhadrapada Shukla Chaturthi is named Ganesh-Chaturthi (Vinayaka-Chaturthi).
Indra is named among the 27 nitya-yogas; classical muhurta treats Indra-yoga as auspicious for leadership and power karyas.
Bhavishya Purana — Uttara-parva, Chaturthi-vrata-kalpa (Angaraka-chaturthi-vrata-varnana), Chaturthi-vrata chapter (DLI Hindi ed., around lines 70101-70150)Krishna-Yudhishthira samvada on Chaturthi vrata including Angaraka Chaturthi.
Verses 28-29 enumerate the full vara-nakshatra table (Sun: Hasta/Mula/Uttaraphalguni/Uttarashadha/Uttarabhadrapada/Pushya/Ashvini; Moon: Shravana/Rohini/Mrigashira/Pushya/Anuradha; Mars: Ashvini/Uttarabhadrapada/Krittika/Ashlesha; etc.) -- matches our table exactly.
Narada Purana — Purvabhaga, Jyotish-prakarana (ninda-yoga enumeration), ninda-yoga section (Sankshipta ed., lines 41901-41950) — 'वैधृति और व्यतीपात ये दोनों महापात हैं, इन दोनोंको शुभ कार्योमें सदा त्याग देना चाहिये'Classes vaidhriti+vyatipata as the two great mahapatas; recommends pitru-karma instead during these.
BPHS — Panchanga-sadhana / Karana-prakarana, standard BPHS section on the 11 karanas (Bava-Balava-Kaulava ... Naga-Kimstughna)BPHS lists the chara-karanas (Bava through Vishti) as repeated 8 times across the 30 tithi-halves; Bava is the first and most auspicious.
The 7-vara amrita-siddhi mapping is given as part of the wider Anandadi-27 yoga corpus and the sarvartha-siddhi enumeration.
Narada Purana — Purvabhaga, Pratham Pada (yoga-prakarana), verses 242-244 (sarvartha-siddhi-yoga -- same vara-nakshatra pairs)
, verses 212-3, 213-4 (Sankshipta ed., lines 41901-41950) — Vishkambha listed as first of 27 yogas; later ninda-yoga group enumerates vishkambha among tyajya-portions
Vishkambha is the 1st nitya-yoga (svami: Yama); first 3 ghatikas to be avoided in all auspicious work.
, Shashthi-stuti section (devi identified as Kartikeya-pranapriya)
Chaitra, Ashwina, Ashadha, Magha — four Navaratras prescribed; sharad-kala Navaratri-vidhana with daily mahapuja explicitly named.
Markandeya Purana — Devi Mahatmya (Durga Saptashati), chapters 81-93, Devi Mahatmya chapters recited daily during NavaratriCanonical text recited each day of Sharada Navaratri; chapters 81-93 of Markandeya Purana.
Chaitra, Ashwina, Ashadha, Magha — four Navaratras prescribed; sharad-kala Navaratri-vidhana with daily mahapuja explicitly named.
Markandeya Purana — Devi Mahatmya (Durga Saptashati), chapters 81-93, Devi Mahatmya chapters recited daily during NavaratriCanonical text recited each day of Sharada Navaratri; chapters 81-93 of Markandeya Purana.
Narada Purana
— Purvabhaga, Ashtami-vrata enumeration
, Month-wise Ashtami vratas (sankshipta ed., around lines 67901-67950)
Devi Bhagavata — Skandha 3, Navaratri-vidhi (importance of Ashtami), Ashtami pujan prescription (Vol. 1 Gita Press ed., around lines 45751-45800)If unable to do full nine-day Navaratri, Ashtami tithi must be observed; references Daksha-yajna context.
Matsya Purana — Surya-vamsha-varnana (origin of Vishti/Bhadra), Vishti as Chhaya's daughter (Gita Press ed., around lines 5851-5900)Vishti (Bhadra) — bhayankara-rupavali tritiya kanya — is established as kala-karana-svarupa, the personification of the inauspicious karana.
Phaladeepika — Santanachinta-prakarana (use of Vishti-karana in muhurta), verse 15 (Hindi-Alt ed., around lines 9801-9850)Phaladeepika explicitly names Vishti-karana as varjya for shubha-karya and for santana-prashna; classical avoidance rule.
Narada Purana — Purvabhaga, Karana-jnana-vidhi (11 karanas including Vishti), around verses 124-125 (sankshipta ed., around lines 34051-34100)Lists the 7 chara + 4 sthira karanas including Vishti (#7) — formula to determine karana from tithi-number.
Chaitra, Ashwina, Ashadha, Magha — four Navaratras prescribed; sharad-kala Navaratri-vidhana with daily mahapuja explicitly named.
Markandeya Purana — Devi Mahatmya (Durga Saptashati), chapters 81-93, Devi Mahatmya chapters recited daily during NavaratriCanonical text recited each day of Sharada Navaratri; chapters 81-93 of Markandeya Purana.
Chaitra, Ashwina, Ashadha, Magha — four Navaratras prescribed; sharad-kala Navaratri-vidhana with daily mahapuja explicitly named.
Markandeya Purana — Devi Mahatmya (Durga Saptashati), chapters 81-93, Devi Mahatmya chapters recited daily during NavaratriCanonical text recited each day of Sharada Navaratri; chapters 81-93 of Markandeya Purana.
Twelve-month Navami-vrata catalogue — every Navami is sacred to Durga/Chandika/Kumari in some form.
Devi Bhagavata — Tritiya-skandha (Sharad/Vasanta Navaratri narrative), Tritiya-skandha, Sudarshana-Subahu Navaratri narrative (Gita Press Vol.1, around lines 44951-45000) — 'नवरात्रेषु सर्वेषु ... अर्चनं हवनं यागं देव्या'Each Navami caps the Navaratri sequence; the day is fixed for Devi-arcana, havana, yaga.
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Narada Purana — Purvabhaga, Ekadashi-vrata section, Ekadashi-vrata-mahatmya (sankshipta ed., text around lines 14901-14950)Detailed rules on dashami-viddha vs dvadashi-viddha Ekadashi, fasting and parana.
Brahma Vaivarta Purana — Krishna-janma-khanda, Ekadashi-vrata prescription, Ekadashi-upavasa section (sankshipta ed., text around lines 71651-71700)All Vaishnavas, yatis, widows, brahmacharis are to fast on every Ekadashi.
Matsya Purana — Surya-vamsha-varnana (origin of Vishti/Bhadra), Vishti as Chhaya's daughter (Gita Press ed., around lines 5851-5900)Vishti (Bhadra) — bhayankara-rupavali tritiya kanya — is established as kala-karana-svarupa, the personification of the inauspicious karana.
Phaladeepika — Santanachinta-prakarana (use of Vishti-karana in muhurta), verse 15 (Hindi-Alt ed., around lines 9801-9850)Phaladeepika explicitly names Vishti-karana as varjya for shubha-karya and for santana-prashna; classical avoidance rule.
Narada Purana — Purvabhaga, Karana-jnana-vidhi (11 karanas including Vishti), around verses 124-125 (sankshipta ed., around lines 34051-34100)Lists the 7 chara + 4 sthira karanas including Vishti (#7) — formula to determine karana from tithi-number.
Muhurta Chintamani — Samskara-prakarana (Pradosha-lakshana), verse 55 (Pyarelal Mishra Hindi ed., lines 3616-3650) — 'अर्कतर्कत्रितिथिषु प्रदोषः स्यात्'Defines pradosha-kala as the half-prahar around sunset on Trayodashi, Chaturdashi, Pratipad and other listed tithis.
Skanda Purana — Pradosha-vrata-mahatmya (Chandrasena and Shrikara legend), section on Pradosha-shivapujana (Sankshipta ed., lines 88951-89000)Anjananandana Hanuman teaches the gopa Shrikara the discipline of Pradosha Shiva worship.
Specifies the first 9 ghatikas of Ganda yoga as completely avoidable.
Narada Purana — Purvabhaga, Purnima-vrata-prakarana, opening section (masa-wise Purnima vratas)Sanatana-narada vada on Purnima vratas through the year.
Matsya Purana — Parva-sandhi and Purnima-tithi prakarana, section on pakshanta-sandhi and pournamasika
BPHS — Panchanga-sadhana / Karana-prakarana, standard BPHS section on the 11 karanas (Bava-Balava-Kaulava ... Naga-Kimstughna)BPHS lists the chara-karanas (Bava through Vishti) as repeated 8 times across the 30 tithi-halves; Bava is the first and most auspicious.
Narada Purana — Purvabhaga, Dvitiya-vrata section (Ashunyashayana-vrata), month-wise Dvitiya-vrata (Sankshipta ed., lines 65701-65750) — 'अशुन्यशयन ... चन्द्रमाके लिये अर्घ्यदान'Shravana-Krishna Dvitiya = Ashunyashayana-vrata to Vishnu-Lakshmi with chandra-arghya; Kartika-shukla Dvitiya = Yamadvitiya.
Bhavishya Purana — Uttara-parva, Chaturthi-vrata-kalpa (Angaraka-chaturthi-vrata-varnana), Chaturthi-vrata chapter (DLI Hindi ed., around lines 70101-70150)Krishna-Yudhishthira samvada on Chaturthi vrata including Angaraka Chaturthi.
BPHS — Panchanga-sadhana / Karana-prakarana, standard BPHS section on the 11 karanas (Bava-Balava-Kaulava ... Naga-Kimstughna)BPHS lists the chara-karanas (Bava through Vishti) as repeated 8 times across the 30 tithi-halves; Bava is the first and most auspicious.
